The article deals with the question: who in the 18th century can be considered the creator of the concept of ʺPhilokaliaʺ? The author draws from the observation that in the 18th century, with a gap of a few years, Greek, Romanian as well as Slavic monastic collections of related ʺphilokalicʺ content were created in the Greek, Romanian and Slavic monastic milieus. The first of them was created in Romanian; St Paisius Velichkovsky was the earliest who searched for ʺphilokalicʺ authors and compiled such convolutes, while St. Macarius (Notaras) and St Nicodemus the Hagiorite, who published the Venetian ʺPhilokaliaʺ and are therefore considered the fathers of the ʺphilokalic projectʺ, are the last in this line. The author concludes that discussions about primacy are meaningless, since the tradition of ascetic collections had existed for centuries. None of the Greek, Romanian, and Slavic monks were the first to compile such a collection. Some of them had apparently made more than one. They all belonged to the same tradition and drew equally from it. The fact that only one of many such collections was published – in Venice in 1782 – does not affect the parity of all of them in the sense of emergence in the context of the same centuries-old tradition. The author concludes that it is legitimate to speak about the genre of philokalia and to call such collections ʺphilokaliasʺ.