The main theme of this research is the translation of Saint Isaac the Syrian’s writings into Romanian and the role they played in shaping a philokalic literature and a specific spiritual life in the Romanian area, with reference to the spiritual renaissance supported by Saint Paisius Velichkovsky of Neamt in the 18-19th centuries. At the structural level, a first section is dedicated to the history of the translation of Saint Isaac’s first collection in the Neamt School and in the Romanian philokalic collection, then a second one focuses on the Syriac-based hesychast terminology, as it appears in his writings, with the corresponding Greek and Romanian variants in the analyzed translations; and in the third section we will exemplify some translation similarities/ differences in the Paisian version and the later one of Father Dumitru Staniloae, in reference to the Syriac original. The main thesis of this paper aims at the role of the Paisian School in shaping a local philokalic tradition, starting from the writings of Saint Isaac the Syrian, with great relevance up to the present time.